By Andi Anderson

This winter's lack of moisture, coupled with a continuing drought, has raised concerns among farmers about soil moisture levels as we approach the 2024 planting season. Unlike the previous year, where adequate soil moisture was available, many regions, particularly in Iowa, are facing a deficit going into this year's growing period.

To address these concerns, experts recommend careful consideration of spring tillage practices. Research from Nebraska indicates that each tillage pass can deplete soil moisture by 0.5 to 0.75 inches, potentially impacting seed germination and growth.

A collaborative study between the University of Minnesota and North Dakota State University offers insights into maintaining soil moisture through varied tillage approaches.

Here are several strategies to consider:

• If fall tillage created a rough surface, spring tillage should be minimal and close to planting time to preserve moisture while preparing a suitable seedbed.
• In cases where fall tillage provided a good seedbed, additional spring tillage might be unnecessary. Adjusting planters to manage residue can help maintain soil moisture by reducing evaporation.
• For fields without fall tillage, direct planting into the residue can serve as a protective mulch, minimizing moisture loss.

Another vital aspect of soil moisture management is the early termination of cover crops. Given the early break of dormancy this year, cover crops like cereal rye are already utilizing soil water.

Terminating these crops sooner than planned can help conserve soil moisture. Once terminated, the decaying plant material acts as mulch, further reducing evaporation from the soil surface.

Implementing these practices can be a significant step toward ensuring that crops have the moisture they need to thrive, despite the challenging conditions presented by the current drought and the unusual winter weather.

Photo Credit -gettyimages-sasiistock